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A zinc salt of citric acid, with moderate solubility and bioavailability. Used in supplements, toothpaste (anti-plaque), and fortification, it supports immune function, wound healing, and antioxidant activity with minimal gastrointestinal side effects.
| Zinc Citrate |  |
| CAS | 546-46-3 |
| molecular weight | 257.5 |
| molecular formula | C6H8O7Zn |
| solubility | Slightly soluble in H2O; soluble in dilute acid solution and alkaline solution |
| color | Colorless |
| flavor | Odorless |
| state | Powder |
| melting point | / |
| boiling point | / |
Zinc citrate, a chelated compound of zinc and citric acid, offers a range of benefits that make it a preferred form of zinc supplementation for optimal health. Combining the essential trace mineral zinc with the natural organic acid citrate, it delivers enhanced bioavailability, digestive tolerance, and multifunctional support for immunity, metabolism, and more. Here’s a breakdown of its key advantages:
1. Superior Bioavailability & Efficient Absorption
Chelated Structure for Optimal Uptake: Citric acid forms a stable, water-soluble complex with zinc, protecting it from binding with dietary inhibitors (e.g., phytates in grains, oxalates in leafy greens) in the gut. This increases zinc absorption by up to 30% more than inorganic zinc salts (e.g., zinc sulfate), ensuring more nutrient reaches cells where it’s needed for enzymatic reactions, immune function, and DNA synthesis.
pH-Independent Absorption: Unlike zinc oxide (which requires strong stomach acid to dissolve), zinc citrate is absorbed efficiently across a wide pH range, making it ideal for individuals with low gastric acid (common in older adults, those on acid-suppressing medications, or with digestive disorders).
2. Gentle on the Digestive System
Reduced Gastrointestinal Side Effects: The citric acid complex minimizes zinc’s potential to cause stomach irritation, nausea, or diarrhea—common complaints with non-chelated zinc forms. This makes it a well-tolerated option for long-term use, even for those with sensitive digestive systems or when taken on an empty stomach.
Stable and Non-Reactive: Maintains integrity through digestion without forming insoluble compounds, ensuring predictable release of zinc without adverse interactions in the gut.
3. Powerful Support for Immune Function
Immune Cell Activation: Zinc is critical for the development and function of immune cells (e.g., T cells, natural killer cells), and citric acid enhances its bioavailability during immune challenges. Studies link zinc citrate supplementation to reduced duration and severity of colds, faster wound healing, and improved resistance to infections—especially beneficial for older adults, athletes, or individuals with compromised immunity.
Antiviral Properties: Zinc inhibits viral replication by blocking protease enzymes in pathogens like the common cold virus, making it a proactive ingredient in immune-boosting formulas.
4. Regulates Metabolism & Cellular Health
Enzymatic Synergy: Zinc is a cofactor for over 300 enzymes involved in carbohydrate, protein, and lipid metabolism. Citric acid’s role in the Krebs cycle (energy production) amplifies this effect, supporting energy production, nutrient absorption, and cellular repair.
Antioxidant Defense: Zinc activates superoxide dismutase (SOD), a key antioxidant enzyme that neutralizes free radicals, while citric acid itself has mild antioxidant properties. Together, they protect cells from oxidative stress, reducing the risk of chronic diseases and aging-related damage.
5. Oral Health & Dental Benefits
Plaque and Tartar Control: Zinc citrate is widely used in oral care products (toothpaste, mouthwash) for its ability to inhibit bacterial growth (e.g., Streptococcus mutans), reduce plaque formation, and neutralize volatile sulfur compounds (the main cause of bad breath).
Gum Health Support: Promotes tissue repair and reduces inflammation in the gums, making it beneficial for individuals with gingivitis or periodontal issues.
6. Synergistic Nutrient Interactions
Enhanced Mineral Absorption: Citric acid improves the absorption of non-heme iron (from plant sources), making zinc citrate a strategic choice for iron-zinc combo supplements—ideal for vegetarians or those at risk of nutrient deficiencies.
Safe for Multinutrient Formulas: Does not interfere with the absorption of calcium or magnesium, allowing it to be safely paired with these minerals in daily multivitamins without competitive interactions.
7. Versatile Applications Across Life Stages
Prenatal and Pediatric Use: Gentle enough for pregnant women (supporting fetal development) and children (aiding growth, cognitive function, and immune development).
Senior Care: Addresses age-related zinc deficiency (common in 30% of older adults), supporting cognitive health, immune resilience, and wound healing.
Sports Nutrition: Aids in muscle recovery and reduces exercise-induced oxidative stress, often included in sports supplements for active individuals.
8. Regulatory Safety & Natural Origins
GRAS-Approved and Biocompatible: Derived from natural citric acid (found in citrus fruits) and zinc, it is recognized as safe (GRAS) by regulatory bodies (FDA, EFSA), ensuring consumer trust for daily use.
Clean Label Appeal: Aligns with consumer preferences for “natural” ingredients, often used in organic supplements and functional foods.
Zinc citrate stands out for its exceptional bioavailability, digestive tolerance, and multifunctional benefits, making it a top choice for individuals seeking effective zinc supplementation. Whether supporting immune health, enhancing metabolism, or promoting oral wellness, it delivers results with minimal side effects—ideal for long-term use across all life stages.
Zinc is a cornerstone of immune health, and zinc citrate maximizes its impact through superior bioavailability:
Efficient Absorption: Citric acid forms a stable, water-soluble complex that protects zinc from dietary inhibitors (e.g., phytates in grains, oxalates in leafy greens), increasing absorption by up to 30% compared to inorganic zinc salts like zinc sulfate. This ensures more zinc reaches immune cells—such as T cells, natural killer cells, and macrophages—where it activates enzymes critical for antibody production, inflammation regulation, and pathogen clearance.
Antiviral & Antimicrobial Synergy: Zinc inhibits viral replication (e.g., blocking protease enzymes in cold viruses) and supports the body’s innate immune response. Clinical studies link zinc citrate supplementation to shorter cold durations (by 33% in some cases) and reduced severity of respiratory infections, making it a proactive choice during flu seasons or for individuals with frequent infections.
Gentle on Digestion: Unlike harsh zinc salts that cause nausea or stomach irritation, the citric acid complex is gentle on the gut, ensuring consistent intake even for those with sensitive digestion—key for maintaining immune resilience over time.
Zinc citrate’s dual action as an anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial agent makes it a game-changer for skin care:
Acne Management: Zinc reduces sebum production, inhibits the growth of C. acnes bacteria (a key cause of acne), and calms inflammation, minimizing redness and preventing new breakouts. Citric acid’s mild exfoliating properties further unclog pores and promote skin renewal, making it a staple in topical treatments and oral supplements for acne-prone skin.
Wound Healing & Barrier Support: Zinc is essential for collagen synthesis and epithelial cell repair, accelerating wound closure and reducing scarring. It also strengthens the skin barrier by supporting ceramide production, locking in moisture and protecting against environmental stressors (e.g., pollution, UV damage)—ideal for individuals with eczema, rosacea, or compromised skin integrity.
Antioxidant Protection: Zinc activates superoxide dismutase (SOD), a powerful antioxidant enzyme that neutralizes free radicals, while citric acid enhances this effect. Together, they combat oxidative stress, slowing signs of aging like fine lines and hyperpigmentation.
Zinc citrate’s advantages extend beyond immunity and skin, thanks to its user-friendly formulation:
pH-Independent Absorption: Stable in both acidic (stomach) and neutral (intestinal) environments, it doesn’t rely on strong gastric acid to dissolve—perfect for older adults, those on acid blockers, or anyone with low stomach acid.
Dual Delivery Options: Used in both oral supplements (to support systemic immune and skin health) and topical products (creams, serums, sunscreens) for localized benefits. Its solubility and mild taste also make it ideal for inclusion in multivitamins, immune-boosting drinks, or skin care formulations without irritation.
Regulatory Safety: Derived from natural citric acid (found in citrus fruits) and GRAS-approved, it offers a clean, biocompatible solution for consumers seeking science-backed, gentle ingredients.
Why Zinc Citrate Leads in Immune and Skin Care
By prioritizing absorption efficiency, targeted benefits, and user tolerance, zinc citrate outperforms other zinc forms in nurturing two vital systems:
Immune Health: Ensures zinc is available where and when it’s needed most—during infections, stress, or aging—to support cell-mediated immunity and reduce infection risk.
Skin Care: Addresses both acute concerns (acne, inflammation) and long-term health (barrier repair, anti-aging) through a dual mechanism of antimicrobial action and cellular repair.
Whether taken as a daily supplement to fortify immunity or applied topically to transform skin texture, zinc citrate delivers proven results without compromise, making it the superior choice for those who demand efficacy and gentleness in their health and beauty routines.
